Although the term “beatnik” originated in the 1950s and was used then and in the early 60s, it wasn’t an actual subculture but instead a somewhat derogatory and superficial media stereotype of an actual one, the Beat Generation.
The Beat Generation referred to a group of post World War II American writers which included members such as Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg. The term pre-dated the 50s, being coined by Kerouac in 1948. Some of the Beat Generation embraced the beatnik stereotype, or at least found it amusing, but others rejected it and felt that it distorted the message they were trying to send. Habits of the Beat Generation included a rejection of materialism, the use of illegal drugs, and the exploration of sexuality. The term “beatnik” was a portmanteau of “beat” and “-nik” from Sputnik I, suggesting that the beatniks were possibly Communist.
Even though the beatnik is a stereotype rather than an actual subculture, the image is recognisable and linked to the period, so is suitable for Halloween, theme and costume parties, especially those catering on the Fifties. The beatnik is also one of the easiest costumes to create, as the elements that make it up are quite simple and easily available. In the costume, black predominates. In fact, it’s really the only colour at all. The clothing would also be unadorned and plain, unlike that of other subcultures of the period, such as Teddy boys and rockers, which often went to the opposite end of the spectrum.
The Head
On the head would be worn a black beret. This would be accompanied by black glasses, probably sunglasses, and, for men, a goatee beard.
The Body
The turtleneck sweater, again in black, would be the main clothing worn on the upper body, although for women a black dance leotard would be an possible alternative. Trousers may be black, or simply dark in colour.
The Feet
Footwear can vary. Sandals were worn by some members of the Beat Generation, but any sort of dark, comfortable shoe will do the trick.